In membrane treatment plants, mineral build-up usually does not cause a sudden problem. Instead, operators may notice a slow drop in water flow, more frequent cleaning and extra work for maintenance teams. For plants in the UAE and GCC treating seawater, brackish water or water for reuse, these problems can affect daily operations and production planning. The key question is how treatment chemicals, concentrated antiscalants and RO vessel design can each help deal with these challenges in different ways. The Problem: Scaling Is More Than a Membrane-Surface Issue Minerals such as calcium carbonate, sulfate and silica can accumulate on RO membranes, affecting water production and increasing cleaning needs. Repeated maintenance can interrupt plant schedules, while conventional RO arrangements may also involve numerous vessels and associated components that require considerable space. For desalination and water-reuse facilities, controlling mineral deposits while considering equipmen...
Modern distribution networks need to respond quickly when faults occur. A temporary fault caused by lightning, vegetation contact or another short-duration event does not always require a long outage, yet conventional protection arrangements can leave customers disconnected until the circuit is manually restored. This is where the recloser becomes an important part of distribution automation. An automatic circuit recloser can detect a fault, interrupt the circuit and then attempt to restore power automatically according to a programmed reclosing sequence. If the fault has cleared, service can resume without requiring manual intervention. If the fault remains, the protection system can isolate the affected section. Chardon Group’s epoxy solid recloser is designed for overhead distribution applications and combines vacuum interruption, epoxy insulation, integrated sensing and programmable protection functions. Current product information lists voltage classes up to 38 kV and testing in ...